Gupfunyika plastike bikunze gukoreshwa mugupakira ibiryo murugo
Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'igipfunyika cya plastiki gihari?
Gupfunyika plastike birashobora kugaragara byoroshye kandi bisobanutse, ariko ibikoresho biratandukanye. Mubisanzwe bikozwe mubikoresho bya plastiki bikurikira:
Polyethylene (PE):Iki nikimwe mubikoresho bikoreshwa cyane mubipfunyika bya pulasitiki, bikoreshwa cyane mumutekano wacyo kandi bihenze. Mugihe polyethylene itanga uburyo bwiza bwo guhumeka neza, nayo irababazwa nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro no kwihanganira kurambura.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC):Gupfunyika bya pulasitike hakiri kare byakoreshejwe ibikoresho bya PVC. Ubu bwoko bwo gupfunyika plastike bufite umucyo mwinshi kandi uhindagurika neza, ariko kubera plasitike ishobora kuba irimo, umutekano wacyo wakwegereye abantu cyane cyane mubushyuhe bwinshi cyangwa mugihe uhuye nibiryo byamavuta.
Gupfunyika plastike bikunze gukoreshwa mugupakira ibiryo murugo
Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC):Ubu bwoko bwa plastike bupfunyika butanga inzitizi nziza, ariko imikoreshereze yayo ni mike bitewe nigiciro cyinshi ningaruka ku bidukikije.
Ibindi bikoresho bibora: Hamwe no kurushaho kumenyekanisha ibidukikije, ibipfunyika bimwe na bimwe bya pulasitike bitangiye gushiramo bio - ibikoresho cyangwa ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika, nka aside polylactique (PLA).
Nigute Nigutandukanya Ubushyuhe na Non - Ubushyuhe bwa Plastike?
Iyo ushyushye ibiryo bipfunyitse muri pulasitike murugo, birashoboka gushyira imbere igipfunyika cya plastiki imbere ukagishyushya hamwe? Urashobora kwifashisha isesengura rikurikira:
(1) Polyethylene (PE): Ibi nibisanzwe bipfunyika kumasoko. Gupfunyika plastiki bikozwe muri ibi bikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa mubushuhe bwa microwave. Ariko, iyo ushushe umwanya muremure kandi ubushyuhe burenze dogere 110, bizashonga. Kubwibyo, birasabwa kudashyira ibiryo bipfunyitse muri ubu bwoko bwa plastike bipfunyika muri microwave igihe kirekire, cyangwa kubishyushya kuri ultra - ubushyuhe bwinshi mugihe kirekire.
(2) Choride ya Polyvinyl (PVC):Gupfunyika plastiki bikozwe muri ibi bikoresho birimo plasitike kandi birashobora kurekura ibintu byangiza ubushyuhe bwinshi. Ntabwo byemewe gushyushya.
(3) Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC):Gupfunyika plastiki bikozwe muri ubu bwoko bwibikoresho bifite imikorere myiza kandi birashobora kwihanganira ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwa dogere 140 kugeza kuri dogere 180. Irashobora gukoreshwa mu gushyushya, ariko birasabwa kutayishyushya mu ziko ryinshi -.
Wongeyeho, urashobora kandi kugenzura ikirango cyangwa amabwiriza yo gupakira. Bamwe mubakora ibicuruzwa mubisanzwe berekana mubipfunyika bya pulasitike niba bishobora gukoreshwa mubushuhe. Niba igipfunyika cya plastiki cyaguzwe kumuyoboro usanzwe kandi ibipfunyika bivuga neza ko bishobora gukoreshwa mubushuhe bwa microwave, ubwo rero gupfunyika plastike muri rusange ni umutekano.
Igipfunyika cya plastiki kirimo Carcinogenic Plastizeri?
Iyo abantu batekereje gupfunyika plastike, birashoboka ko batekereza kumashanyarazi ya kanseri. Mugihe PVC ipfunyika plastike irimo plastike DEHP itera ibyago, ubundi bwoko bwo gupfunyika plastike ntibutera ingaruka zikomeye.
Phthalates (PAEs) ni ijambo rusange ryurwego rwimiti ya plastike. Muri uyu muryango wa PEAs, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) ni uruganda rusanzwe rukoreshwa mugukora ibicuruzwa bya polyvinyl chloride (PVC), nkibikoresho byubuvuzi, ibikinisho, hamwe nububiko.
DEHP irashobora kwimuka mugihe cyo gushyushya, bikabangamira ubuzima bwabantu. Irashobora kubangamira imisemburo yumubiri yumubiri, igatera ihungabana rya endocrine, ndetse ikanatera ubumuga kuvuka cyangwa izindi ngaruka zimyororokere. Nyamara, kwibanda kwa DEHP abantu bahura nabyo buri munsi mubisanzwe biri munsi yurwego rushobora gutera ibyo bibazo byubuzima. Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi buriho bwerekana ko ingaruka zishobora guterwa na DEHA ku myororokere y’inyamaswa no mu iterambere ari nke. Inyinshi murubwo bushakashatsi bwakorewe kumurongo urenze kure urwego rwo kugaragara mubuzima bwa buri munsi. Kubwibyo, mugihe cyose ikoreshwa rya DEHP ryujuje ibisabwa bijyanye kandi ryumvikana, nta mpamvu yo guhangayika cyane. Igikwiye kumenyekana ni uko buri wese agomba kugura ibicuruzwa bipfunyika bya pulasitike akoresheje inzira zemewe kandi ntagure ibicuruzwa bitujuje ibyangombwa kubera umururumba winyungu nto.
Byongeye kandi, birakwiye ko tuvuga ko kugirango bakemure ikibazo cyuburozi bwa DEHP, abantu banashyizeho ubundi buryo butandukanye, nka dibutyl phthalate (DBP) na benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP). Nubwo ubundi buryo bushobora no kugira umutekano muke, birasa nkaho bifite umutekano. Niba uhangayikishijwe ningaruka zubuzima bwo gukoresha PVC yipfunyitse irimo DEHP, urashobora guhitamo ubundi buryo bwiza.
Plastiseri mu gupfunyika plastike irashobora kwinjira byoroshye ibiryo binini -
Ese gupfunyika plastike kumeneka amavuta? Ibinure biva mu biryo bizashonga bipfunyika?
Abantu bamwe bafite amatsiko yo kumenya impamvu rimwe na rimwe amavuta menshi yinjira hanze yububiko bwa plastiki. Ni ukubera ko ibinure biri mu biryo bishonga plastike? Mubyukuri, ntabwo aribyo. Gupfunyika plastike ni ibikoresho bya polymer, bigizwe na molekile ya polimerize. Hariho icyuho kiri hagati ya molekile yibikoresho bya polymer, kandi "amavuta ya molekile" mubiribwa arashobora guca muri ibyo byuho, bikaviramo amavuta. Ibyuho bya molekuline bipfunyika bya plastike ya HDPE ni bito, ntabwo rero byoroshye gufata amavuta; icyuho cya LDPE ni kinini, kuburyo byoroshye gucengeza amavuta.
Iyi ni nayo mpamvu niyo mugihe urya crayfish hamwe na gants, amaboko yawe azakomeza kubona amavuta.
Kwambara uturindantoki twajugunywe kurya ibiryo nabyo bizamena amavuta
Bamwe mubakoresha urubuga barashobora kwibaza, kuki hasi - ubucucike bwa polyethylene atari amazi -? Hasi - ubucucike bwa polyethylene bipfunyika ni hydrophobi cyane. Amazi y’amazi ntashobora guhanagura inkuta za pore hagati ya molekile, akabuza gutembera no kubuza amazi kunyura muburyo bwamazi (imyuka y'amazi irashobora kunyuramo).
Niba ubona ko igipfunyika cya plastiki gikoreshwa mu gupfunyika ibiryo cyasohotse amavuta, urashobora kurya ibiryo? Niba ingaruka zubushyuhe zititaweho, amavuta azasohoka gusa mubipfunyika bya plastiki kandi ntibizayashonga. Ntibikenewe ko uhangayikishwa no kurya "gupfunyika plastike".
Inama nubwitonzi bwo guhitamo no gukoresha ibipfunyika bya plastiki
(1) Reba ubwoko bwibikoresho:
Polyethylene (PE): Mubisanzwe bifatwa nkaho ari amahitamo meza kandi akwiriye gukoreshwa buri munsi.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC): Irashobora kuba irimo plasitike kandi irasabwa kwirinda gukoreshwa mubipfunyika.
Polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC): Ifite inzitizi nziza, ariko ihenze kandi ifite ingaruka kubidukikije igomba kwitabwaho.
(2) Reba ikirango cyibicuruzwa:Reba niba ibipfunyika bifite ikimenyetso cyumutekano wibiribwa kandi niba byaranzwe na microwaveable.
(3) Gukorera mu mucyo no gukomera:Igipfunyika cyiza cya pulasitike kigomba kugira umucyo mwiza no gukomera kugirango bibe byoroshye kugerekaho ibiryo.
(4) Gukoresha ubushyuhe bwinshi:Kurikiza amabwiriza ya paki, cyane cyane kubyerekeye niba ibicuruzwa bishobora gushyuha. Ntukoreshe igipfunyika cya plastiki kidakwiriye gushyushya ubushyuhe bwinshi, nko muri microwave.
(5) Irinde guhura bitaziguye n'ibiribwa binini -:Ubwoko bumwebumwe bwo gupfunyika plastike "gusohora amavuta" mugihe uhuye nibiryo binini - kandi bishobora kurekura imiti.
(6) Mubyongeyeho, ibipfunyika bya plastike bisanzwe bikozwe muri PE. Nyamara, ntabwo ibipfunyika bya pulasitike byose byanditswemo na PE, hejuru - ubucucike bwa polyethylene (HDPE), cyangwa polyethylene (LDPE) nkeya - ubucucike ntibishobora gukoreshwa mu gupfunyika ibiryo.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko bagomba kugira amagambo "ibiryo - gusa", "uruhushya rwo kwihaza mu biribwa" cyangwa "QS" kugirango bakoreshe gufata ibiryo. Imifuka isanzwe ya pulasitike yimyanda nayo ikozwe muri PE, ntuzigere uyikoresha kugirango ufate ibiryo!Muri rusange, gupfunyika plastike idashobora gukoreshwa mu gupfunyika ibiryo akenshi iba ifite plasitike ikabije kandi irimo ibintu byangiza nka DEHP.
Ibyavuzwe haruguru nubumenyi bujyanye no gupfunyika plastike. Mugihe uhisemo gupfunyika plastike, ni ngombwa kwitondera ubwoko numutekano wibikoresho kugirango wirinde guhitamo ibicuruzwa birimo imiti yangiza. Mugihe ukoresha, kurikiza amabwiriza yumutekano, cyane cyane amabwiriza yo gushyushya. Muri icyo gihe, urebye ibintu bidukikije no guhitamo ubundi buryo bushobora gukoreshwa cyangwa kubora bishobora kugabanya ingaruka z’ibidukikije. Ukurikije izi ngingo, urashobora muri rusange umutekano wibiribwa byawe mugihe ugabanya ingaruka zishobora kwangiza ubuzima bwawe nibidukikije.
